Canine brucellosis

Abstract

Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella canis. It typically follows a chronic course and affects both dogs and humans. The disease causes significant economic losses in kennels due to reproductive disorders and poses a public health risk because of its zoonotic nature. It is globally distributed, with prevalence rates ranging from 5% to 30% depending on the region. Transmission can occur through direct contact via the ingestion of vaginal discharge, semen, urine, aborted fetuses, and lochia, as well as through mucous membranes and broken skin. Indirect transmission can also occur through a contaminated environment, as Brucella can survive for extended periods in conditions of low temperature and high humidity. Additionally, the transplacental route must be considered.